Authors: Robuchon, Marine; Pavoine, Sandrine;Véron, Simon;Delli, Giacomo;Faith, Daniel;Mandrici, Andrea;Pellens, Roseli;Dubois, Grégoire;Leroy, Boris;

Various prioritisation strategies have been developed to cope with accelerating biodiversity loss and limited conservation resources. These strategies could become more engaging for decision-makers if they reflected the positive effects conservation can have on future projected biodiversity, by targeting net positive outcomes in future projected biodiversity, rather than reflecting the negative consequences of further biodiversity losses only. Hoping to inform the post-2020 biodiversity framework, we here apply this approach of targeting net positive outcomes in future projected biodiversity to phylogenetic diversity (PD) to reidentify priority areas for conserving global mammalian PD. We identified two types of priority areas: those whose protection would maximise gains in future projected PD and those where extinction(s) would maximise losses in future projected PD. We show that the these two types of priority areas differ from each other, and generally differ from previously-identified ones for global mammal conservation. We further highlight that these newly-identified species/areas of interest currently lack protection and offer some guidance for their future management.