Authors: Moor, Helen; Eggers, Jeannette;Fabritius, Henna;Forsell, Nicklas;Henckel, Laura;Bradter, Ute;Mazziotta, Adriano;Nordén, Jenni;Snäll, Tord;

Global policy for biodiversity conservation is ultimately implemented and evaluated at landscape scale. In parallel, green infrastructure planning needs to account for socio-economic dynamics at national and global scales. We constructed scenarios of future landscape-scale forest management that account for global socioeconomic developments under a middle-of-the-road Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) and evaluated their impact on forest biodiversity. Specifically, we studied the potential to rebuild green infrastructure in a boreal production forest landscape, that had been intensively managed for decades, while meeting the projected future demand for wood products. In a green infrastructure scenario, we optimized levels of national environmental quality (EQO) indicators, asking whether good indicator status actually benefits forest biodiversity (the responses of multiple species), whether it can be achieved given global demands on forest products, and at what economic cost (relative to targeting financial gains alone). We show how effects of global SSPs can be downscaled and accounted for in planning landscape-scale forest and conservation management. Accounting for EQO in the management optimization can reveal scenarios for reaching targets on both revenue and conservation. Rebuilding green infrastructure in the production forest was possible at a relatively minor economic cost and to the benefit of species of conservation concern.