Authors: Mazziotta, Adriano; Duflot, Rémi;Eyvindson, Kyle;Juutinen, Artti;Le Tortorec, Eric;Miettinen, Kaisa;Moilanen, Atte;Podkopaev, Dmitry;Pohjanmies, Tähti;Reunanen, Pasi;

Timber harvesting is in conflict with the conservation of several forest taxa. However, not all taxa respond equally to forestry. Forest habitat remains suitable for generalist taxa with wide ecological requirements even after management has induced sensible changes in forest composition and structure, while it decreases dramatically for specialists with narrow ecological requirements as forestry intensifies. We review the impacts of applying forest management regimes of different intensity on the trade-offs between the production of timber and habitat for boreal species with diverse ecological requirements. We show that increasing habitat for specialist taxa depending only on deadwood tends to be more expensive in terms of missed timber revenues than increasing habitat for generalists. This is because management regimes generating the highest timber revenues subtract resources from living tree biomass, which prevents deadwood production. To reduce the loss of biodiversity in the production landscape, the conservation of taxa with different responses to management should be ensured by a diversification of management regimes. In the boreal production forest, set-aside is the management regime improving more species habitat but generating no timber revenues; set-aside can be complemented by other biodiversity-friendly regimes fewer impacting revenues, and whose capacity to improve habitat is taxon dependent.