Authors: Kubelka, Vojtech;

Every year, many wild animals undertake long-distance migration to breed in the North, taking advantage of seasonally high pulses in food supply, fewer parasites and lower predation pressure in comparison with equatorial latitudes. However, growing evidence suggests that climate change-induced phenological mismatches have reduced food availability. Furthermore, novel pathogens and parasites are spreading Northwards, and nest or offspring predation has increased at many Arctic and North temperate locations. Altered trophic interactions have decreased the reproductive success and survival of migratory animals. Reduced advantages for long-distance migration have potentially serious consequences for community structure and ecosystem function. Changes in the benefits of migration need to be integrated into projections of population and ecosystem dynamics and targeted by innovative conservation actions. We will discuss recent disruptions of migration profitability for birds, mammals and insects, together with consequences for population dynamics, community structure and ecosystem functioning as well as effective conservation measures.