Authors: Burgas, Daniel; Potterf, Mária;Duflot, Rémi;Eyvindson, Kyle;Stoltz, Jonathan;Gyllin, Mats;Klein, Julian;Grahn, Patrik;Snäll, Tord;Mönkkönen , Mikko;

There are increasing demands from forests to provide more wood and fulfil a broader range of ecosystem services while simultaneously improving forest habitats to preserve biodiversity. Although policymakers and forest professionals acknowledge the restorative benefits of forests for human health, this dimension is seldom accounted for, partly due to the lack of tools to quantify such aspect. In this interdisciplinary study, we present the relative contribution of different management practices to restorative health value of forests, and inspect the trade-offs and synergies between health and biodiversity, and other ecosystem services. We here use a novel framework that accounts for the different perceived sensory dimensions that allows us to link forest physical characteristics to restorative benefits for humans. We simulated the growth of a commercial forest landscape in central Finland 100 years into the future for a broad representation of management regimes. We use multiobjective optimization to find the best combination of managements and trade-offs among health, ecosystem services and biodiversity. Continuous cover forestry has the largest contribution to the restorative value of forests, followed by set-asides and rotation forest management practices. This links to multiple synergies and trade-offs.