Authors: Borger, Luca; Potts, Jonathan;Loison, Anne;

Movement is a key mechanistic driver of processes in intertwined social-ecological systems (SESs), connecting individuals and processes across multiple spatio-temporal scales and leading to the emergence of complex spatio-temporal patterns. Here we present a set of case studies, firstly showing new modelling frameworks to understand the drivers of real animal turning decisions, as well as identify and quantify the energetic drivers underlying animal foraging and habitat selection patterns, including the energetic costs and gains of movement and foraging. Secondly, we show how to disentangle complex movement decisions animals face when confronted with co-occurring lethal and non-lethal human disturbances, an increasingly common case in social-ecological systems.Third, we present how these mechanistic modelling approaches, focussing on fine-scale movement decisions of individuals, can be scaled up to quantify and predict the emergence of broader-scale spatial and temporal patterns of space use of both single and interacting individuals, as well as help identify missing drivers of individual movement decisions. We discuss how and when these methods, which include statistical and mathematical modelling approaches, can be used and how they can inform management decisions.